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Which of the following is not a valid Windows Server role?

  1. Active Directory Domain Services

  2. Web Server (IIS)

  3. File and Storage Services

  4. Network Policy and Access Services

The correct answer is: Active Directory Domain Services

Active Directory Domain Services is indeed a valid Windows Server role, as it is integral to managing domains and authenticating users within a networked environment. This role allows administrators to create and manage domain accounts, provide authentication and authorization services, and manage security policies. The other options, such as Web Server (IIS), File and Storage Services, and Network Policy and Access Services, also represent well-established roles within the Windows Server ecosystem, each serving distinct functions. For instance, Web Server (IIS) enables hosting of web applications and websites, File and Storage Services facilitates file sharing and management, and Network Policy and Access Services is crucial for managing access to network resources. Thus, distinguishing Active Directory Domain Services as a valid role underscores the importance and recognition of this service as fundamental to Windows Server's functionality.